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Mattresses: General Information A mattress is used to provide support and comfort as a person sleeps. Mattresses can be made of water foam and air, but the majority of mattresses purchased in the United States are innerspring or coil mattresses. Mattresses come in a variety of sizes. The twin, or single, is the smallest. The next largest mattress is referred to as a double or full sized mattress. The queen-sized mattress is the next largest, with the king-sized mattress being the largest of the standard sized mattresses. How is an innerspring mattress made? Innerspring mattresses take approximately 10 to 60 minutes to make. The outside of the mattress is covered with a special material called ticking. The inside of most innerspring mattresses is made of three components: a core, a foundation and upholstery layers. The core of an innerspring mattress is also called an innerspring unit. The core provides the support to the body. In general, the core is made of steel coils springs. The amount of support a mattress provides depends upon the number of coils. In general, a mattress will contain anywhere from 300 to 800 coils. Firm mattresses have the highest coil count – usually 500 to 800 coils, depending on the size of the mattress. The foundation of an innerspring mattress is often referred to as the box spring, though it is not always truly a box spring. In the past, the foundation housed the springs within a mattress. Now, the primary purpose of the foundation is to simply elevate the mattress. The traditional wood foundation is usually made of pine or some other type of hard wood. It consists of a frame and approximately 8 support boards. This type of foundation provides a strong feeling of firmness to the mattress. Box springs are generally a cloth-covered frame that contains additional springs. These springs give the mattress a bouncier, softer feel. The upholstery layers surround the mattress core and provide the soft padding. The layers usually consist of an insulator, the middle upholstery layer, and a quilt. The insulator separates the core from the upholstery and helps keep the middle layer in place. The middle upholstery layer provides most of the mattress’s comfort, while the quilt is the top layer of the mattress.
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